Literary Criticism Sonya Rice 03/20/07 |
Biography | Outline | Terms | Links | Works Cited | Literary Criticism | Activities | Poetry Presentation Web | Poem Text First Stanza: This poem tells the story of anyone.This has a double meaning:"anyone" could mean literally anyone, or it could be seen as one man. The second meaning reinforces a theme of the isolation the independent individual has from the rest of society.
The events in anyone's life all occur in a "pretty how town." "Pretty" connotes a facade, enforcing the idea of the superficiality of the people in the town. "How" is used as an adjective here that could be describing the extent of the town's prettiness, or the routine boringness of the town's activities, since "how" also means "in a method or manner". In the next line there are more juxtapositions, "(with up so floating many bells down)". The rhythm and vowels are similar to the motion and sounds of bells. This line appears again later in the poem, and it signifies passing time. The next line is an ordered list of the seasons, symbolizing again the passage of time and describing anyone's life events as occurring continuously. The activities are either failures (his didn't) or successes (his did). Regardless of the outcome, anyone is singing and dancing, happily. Second Stanza: Third Stanza: Children are intriduced as innocent, and because of their innocence, can see the love noone has for anyone's individuality. Now noone's name has a double meaning because it could symbolize the lover of the man represented as anyone, and it connotates that literally noone cares for anyone. The line expresses the degree of noone's love ("more by more") as well as anyone's intense isolation from the rest of society. The children's ability to see this love fades with the passing of time as they get older. The list of seasons begins with Autumn, which leads into winter, a symbol of death and sleep.The seasons describing anyone started with spring, is a symbol of rebirth and change, characteristic of his personality. Fourth Stanza: Noone and anyone live spontaneously for the present ("when by now"), and benefit largely from small things (tree by leaf). "Tree by leaf" also refers to parts as the sum of a whole, suggesting the depth of anyone and noone's shared experiences. Noone partakes in all of anyone's activities, laughing and crying with him. The symbols bird and snow describe the seasons. "Stir by still" connotates rest and motion, but the "by" implies that even at rest, this couple was dynamic. The next line, "anyone's any was all to her" explains how much noone loved everything about anyone, as well as reinforcing the isolation motif. Fifth Stanza: The non-specific "someones" marrying their "everyones" shows Cummings' attitude towards marriage. Anyone and noone have love, but aren't married. Marriage is a social convention ("did their dance") that does not necessarily have to do with love. The paradoxical line "laughed their cryings" is an example of ordinary couples' lack of understanding, implying incomplete love. It also suggests insensitivity, because they laugh at people's cryings. "Did their dance" is an inversion of anyone's "danced his did", another example contrasting anyone with everyone. The townspeople continue their cycle of sleeping, waking, and hoping, although hope achieves nothing as long as they say "their nevers". They restrict their hopes and dreams to the realm of sleep ("slept their dream") instead of acting being different by following their dreams. Sixth Stanza: This stanza describes the passage of time, as children grow up and become everyones. The snow archetype is present here again, symbolizing the end of children's innocence, as they "forget to remember" the happiness anyone achieves, opting for society's mechanical activities. Seventh Stanza: The narrator tells us of anyone's death with a resigned apathy. There is a lack of capitalization of "i" which enforces this idea further. The narrator knows that this event will not change the townspeople. It also evokes the unconcern the townspeople have for anyone, how they allow events to just pass by. The double meaning of "noone" is used again to display this detatchment ("noone stooped to kiss his face"). Ninth Stanza: The townspeople take no notice of the deaths and continue their cycle. When they die, they achieve nothing ("reaped their sowing", when they sowed nothing in the second stanza). They merely become dust and disappear forever ("went their came"), as opposed to anyone and noone, who achieve immorality, like the eternal sun, moon, and stars. There are only two periods in the poem, each occurring before "Women and men". This is a disruption in the poem, signifying the townspeople as an disruption in the order of the universe, while anyone and noone blend in. The poem does not begin with a capitalized letter, nor does it end with a period, showing the cycle of life because the beginning of life is like the end, and the world is without you before you are born, and goes back to being without you after you die. Purpose: In this poem, Cummings criticizes people who blindly follow social conventions and also criticizes society's intolerance of differences. Cummings asks the audience to question traditions and to understand them for their true intent. He challenges anyone, meaning any of us, to go beyond our comfort zones so that we may achieve our dreams.
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