Metrical Patterns |
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"The Wife of the Man of Many Wiles" is written in tetrameter, the majority of the lines beginning with an amphibrach. Ms. Stallings wrote that she "liked the feel of the lilting rhythm, which seemed part of the voice." Stallings also states in both email interview and the interview with the Cortland Review that she did not conciously write in a specific meter, but that it emerged as the poem progressed. While this accounts for some of the deviations, like the pentametric line 15, the meter with all its nuances gives a specific voice to Penelope and an equally specific tone to the poem. Molly Peacock writes in How to Read a Poem...and Start a Poetry Circle that "[e]ven a free verse poem that doesn't have a regular rhythm or an obvious rhyme scheme still has the baseline bones of music" (20). Stalling's poetry, therefore, is positively melodious. Each shift from the amphibrachyl pattern marks a point where Penelope's emotions, hidden by careful indifference in the beginning of the poem,peek through. The imagery in line 3, "hip-deep in blood, knee- deep in goddesses" marks the first change. Penelope uses hyperbole flippantly, but the shift from the "lilting" amphibrachs to the more solemn dactyls, traditionally used as the building blocks of epic poetry, indicate that she feels more strongly about both thedanger Ulysses faced and his abandonment of her for more divine partners. Line 6, composed completely of amphibrachs, demonstrates her more successful use of irony. Similarly, she maintains composure when speaking of the stories Ulysses told her upon his return in line 14, but begins to break when she expands to include at what price he returned in line 15. In line 14, the amphibrachyc structure stresses both 'you' and 'me'. This emphasisesthat Penelope and Ulysses find themselves in the same condition, that Penelope might be feeding Ulysses the same type of stories, and that she might have been as unfaithful as he. Line 16 begins with amphibrachs, but thetrochee in the third foot betrays Penelope as clearly as if her voice had cracked, and signifies a major tone shift. Up until this point, she tries to be scornful and apathetic, but in the final stanza the extent of her resentment toward Ulysses for both abandoning and betraying her comes through as she voices her pent-up desire to believe him. However,their dual disloyalty makes it impossible for her to do so. She therefore, with the caesura separating her interior feelings from her cooler exterior, shrugs off his gallant defense of their home. Despite her words, there are no lilting amphibrachsin the final line, and the poem ends with a monosyllabic foot that reveals the extent of her injuries. The final syllable is unstressed and therefore constitutes a feminine ending, which is appropriate for the speaker and for the tone.
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